The Paris Agreement's long-term temperature goal is to keep the rise in mean global temperature to well below 2 ☌ (3.6 ☏) above pre-industrial levels, and preferably limit the increase to 1.5 ☌ (2.7 ☏), recognizing that this would substantially reduce the effects of climate change. After the European Union ratified the agreement, sufficient countries had ratified the agreement responsible for enough of the world's greenhouse gases for the agreement to enter into force on 4 November 2016. The Paris Agreement was opened for signature on 22 April 2016 ( Earth Day) at a ceremony in New York. The United States withdrew from the agreement in 2020, but rejoined in 2021. ![]() Of the four UNFCCC member states which have not ratified the agreement, the only major emitter is Iran. As of February 2023, 195 members of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are parties to the agreement. The Paris Agreement was negotiated by 196 parties at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference near Paris, France. Adopted in 2015, the agreement covers climate change mitigation, adaptation, and finance. The Paris Agreement (French: Accord de Paris), often referred to as the Paris Accords or the Paris Climate Accords, is an international treaty on climate change.
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